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Authors
Lin, Fangbo
Chen, Jianwen
Xiao, Le
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Changsha Municipal Health Research Project (KJ-202505)
Hunan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Fund General Project (No.23YBA167)
Hunan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project (No.22A0427)
Bureau of Science and Technology of Changsha (No.kzd2401043)
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2025JJ80484)
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study received ethical approval from the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
