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Authors
Liu, Mingxin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6320-544X
Okuhara, Tsuyoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-3587
Dai, Zhehao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-7563
Zhao, Minghong https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7910-1977
Yin, Wenqiang
Okada, Hiroko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-9753
Furukawa, Emi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-4786
Kiuchi, Takahiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5934-0681
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24KJ0830)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
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: The ethics approval of this study was waived by the Research Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects (MEXT/MHLW/METI, 2021). The study did not involve human participants, identifiable personal data, or human tissue. The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Additionally, informed consent was obtained from both the licensed physician and medical student prior to their participation in the evaluation process.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
