Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 August 2025

Accepted: 4 February 2026

First Online: 26 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This article does not involve any studies with human participants or animals performed by the authors and therefore ethical approval was not required. The conceptual framework and data analyses were developed using previously published literature, religious jurisprudential sources, and expert consensus, without the collection of any new patient data.

: The consent to publish is not applicable as this article does not contain any individual’s data in any form including pictures, videos, or case details.

: Although no participants were directly involved, the research methodology adhered to both international scholarly standards and principles of Islamic bioethics. Interpretations of Aqli (rationale) and Naqli (revealed) sources were guided by relevant fatwa , legal maxims ( Qawaid Fiqhiyyah ), and consultations with Islamic scholars to ensure compliance with Maqasid al-Shariah .

: The authors declare no competing interests.