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Authors
Safranek, Conrad W.
Socrates, Vimig
Wright, Donald
Huang, Thomas
Alashi, Alaa
McCann, Kent
Taylor, R. Andrew
Chartash, David
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: The Yale University Human Research Protection Program determined the study to be exempt research under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4) (secondary research use of identifiable private information with appropriate safeguards) under Human Investigation Committee #2000035077; the requirement for informed consent was waived. All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable. This manuscript contains no identifiable individual participant data (text, images, or video).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
