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Authors
Momenzadeh, Mohammadreza
Oshaghi, Atiyeh
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study used publicly available, de-identified datasets (MIMIC-III) that do not require institutional ethics approval or participant consent. NHANES protocols were approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board; NESARC was approved by the U.S. Census Bureau and OMB. Data access is publicly available (MIMIC-III, NHANES) or restricted to qualified researchers (NESARC).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
