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Authors
Ma, Liya
Cai, Endi
Zhou, Zhiyuan
Gong, Mengchun
Li, Chen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Department of Ningxia Province (Key Technologies and Applications of Medical Big Data Management in Major Chronic Diseases (2022BEG02025))
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 28 February 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective cohort study included hospitalized patients as the study subjects. The clinical electronic medical record data used in this study belong to Ningxia General Hospital, and the original data are not publicly available. The clinical electronic database is established in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki Principles. The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University(approval number: KYLL-2021-934), which waived the requirement for patient informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: All authors agree for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
