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Article History

Received: 22 August 2025

Accepted: 16 February 2026

First Online: 4 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The data used in this analysis was anonymized data from a database of multiple clinical trials provided by a pharmaceutical company. Data were collected across sites throughout the United States and Canada in alignment with FDA and Health Canada regulations, respectively, and were monitored by the pharmaceutical company. Each original clinical trial was approved by the relevant institutional review boards or ethics committees, as disclosed in the primary disclosures of the clinical trial data on and within the text of the corresponding published papers. According to the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans, under article 2.4, “REB review is not required for research that relies exclusively on secondary use of anonymous information, or anonymous human biological materials, so long as the process of data linkage or recording or dissemination of results does not generate identifiable information.” The research presented in this manuscript relies on secondary use of anonymous information, as the data was originally collected for a purpose other than the current research purpose. Informed consent was obtained from each patient or their legal representative and the investigator before any study-related procedures commenced, in accordance with the requirements of the FDA, Health Canada, and other applicable regulations. The study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Clinical trial number: not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.