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Authors
Zhang, Jia
Jia, Hanbing
Zhang, Tingting
Feng, Huanfang
Zhu, Xiaoxuan
Cao, Cuijuan
Shi, Chunjing
Zhou, Yingjie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Commission of Hebei Province (20241706)
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Maternal and Child Health Hospital. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians prior to enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
