Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 December 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 16 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval and patient consent for the current study are not required because its publically available dataset from the Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) through the UCI Machine Learning Repository and can be freely accessed for research purposes [ ].

: Not applicable.

: During the revision phase of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT-4 and Grammarly to enhance the clarity and quality of English in select paragraphs. The tool was not used to generate scientific content. All revisions made by using the tool were subsequently reviewed and edited by the authors to ensure accuracy and integrity of the manuscript. The authors assume full responsibility for the final content of the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.