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Authors
Tsai, Ming-Feng
Shih, Chen-Shen
Chen, Yu-Fan
Chu, Yu-Chang
Yu, Chieh-Ming
Yao, Wen-Teng
Chan, Ya-Shu
Yu, Chia-Meng
Huang, Shu-Tien
Liu, Liong-Rung
Chiu, Lang-Hua
Lin, Yueh-Hung
Yang, Chin-Yi
Ho, Kung-Chen
Huang, Wen-Chen
Tung, Kwang-Yi
Hung, Fei-Hung
Chiu, Hung-Wen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC113-2221-E-038-006)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of MacKay Memorial Hospital (approval number: 20MMHIS047e, approve date: November 4, 2021), and signed informed consent of patients was obtained to use their images for this research and later publication of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
