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Authors
Xu, Zhikun
Yang, Qinhua
Su, Yijing
Jiang, Yichun
Peng, Dongting
Wu, Boru
Mo, Wenzhong
Chen, Zhiming
Huang, Jiayang
Jiang, Zhongji
Liu, Xueyan
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Article History
Received: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 3 April 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Analysis of de-identified, publicly available data from the MIMIC-IV and eICU databases was exempt from institutional review board approval. Use of the local SZICU dataset was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shenzhen People’s Hospital (Approval No. LL-KY-2025200-02), with informed consent waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
