Li, Yinxian
Cao, Xuejiao
Wang, Juzi
Qi, Limei
Yan, Jing
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Education and Teaching Research Project of Shanxi Medical University (XJ2024103)
Article History
Received: 15 January 2026
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Each wave of the CHARLS study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. The construction of the hospital-based cohort was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and all participants were fully informed of the study objectives and procedures and provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.