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Authors
Wei, Lai
Ni, Jiong
Meng, Jinxi
Chen, Daxiao
Wu, Xiaoyan
Zhong, Simin
Zhou, Min
Zeng, Yuping
Luo, Yu
Ye, Haoyi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project (2025A03J4017)
the Research Project of Guangdong Health Information Net Association (HX-202407-0002)
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Article History
Received: 18 January 2026
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: This multicenter study was approved by the institutional review boards of all participating institutions: Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University (Approval No. K-2020-021), the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Approval No. 2024-D-029), and Ganzhou People’s Hospital (Approval No. B2024-021). The requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. The research was conducted in compliance with the 2024 version of the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2024).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
