Document is current

Article History

Received: 9 February 2026

Accepted: 24 April 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

Declarations

:

: From an ethical compliance perspective, the study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the first affiliated hospital of Guangxi medical University, with the approval number 2023-K182-01. All participants signed a written informed consent form before enrollment, a fundamental step to ensure patient autonomy in retrospective studies, where access to historical medical data requires explicit prior authorization. The study has also been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, with the registration number ChiCTR2300074920 ( , Reg Date 2023-08-21). All study procedures adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national ethical guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: To enhance reproducibility, code, model objects, and preprocessing scripts are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and ethical committee approval.

: The authors declare no competing interests.