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Authors
Xia, Liyan
Jiang, Hailan
Zhang, Yanfei
Guo, Jiahui
Sun, Mengying
Wu, Haitao
Cui, Yang
Wang, Yongjie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Commission of Jilin Province (2025WS-KA031)
Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (YDZJ202601ZYTS678)
Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (YDZJ202502CXJD064)
National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Ji Cai She Zhi [2025] No. 284)
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Article History
Received: 16 March 2026
Accepted: 25 May 2026
First Online: 30 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for the MIMIC-IV database was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (approval number: 2001P001699). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature and use of de-identified data. This secondary analysis required no additional approval. All procedures complied with the MIMIC-IV data use agreement and relevant regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
