Zhu, Youlong
Feng, Jiawei
Liu, Ruming
Ren, Wang
Ma, Xiao
Zhang, Caihua
Zhang, Wentao
Zhong, Chonghan
Gong, Longbo
Kong, Feifei
Article History
Received: 26 January 2026
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 13 June 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate: This multicenter retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committees of the four participating institutions: Xuzhou Central Hospital (Southeast University), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, and Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital. The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and use of de-identified data. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.