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Authors
Aoto, Saki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-9341
Ito, Yoshikazu
Morooka, Shintaro
Ito, Ai
Umezawa, Akihiro
Okamura, Kohji https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-5069
Nakamura, Tomoo https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3659-799X
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2025
Accepted: 2 July 2026
First Online: 9 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethical Commission at the National Center for Child Health and Development (approval reference number 2020-047). The Ethical Commission waived the requirement for informed consent as this study was non-invasive, non-interventional, and used only existing anonymous medical data. Information about this study was disclosed to the public through the websites of the National Center for Child Health and Development and participating institutions, as well as through posters displayed within the facilities, providing opportunities for potential participants to opt out of the use of their data for research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
