Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 July 2025

Accepted: 14 July 2026

First Online: 17 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical clearance was sought from the Ghana Health Service (GHS) Ethics Review Committee (in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki) with study approval number GHS-ERC:032/02/24 . Oral and written informed consent were sought from the participants. Each consent form provided comprehensive information regarding the study’s objectives, the advantages stemming from the research, the application of study findings, and the dissemination of results. Involvement in this research was entirely voluntary, and participants were explicitly informed that they had the liberty to withdraw from the study at any point without any coercion or intimidation, and they could opt not to respond to particular question(s). To guarantee the enduring confidentiality of the participants, all research records were securely disposed of through incineration following the compilation of the final study report.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.