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Authors
Lin, Jinfeng
Lu, Shushu
Wang, Yadong
Gu, Chunfeng
Han, Xudong
Xu, Junxian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific Research Project of Nantong Municipal Health Commission (MSZ2024060)
Scientific Research Project of Nantong Municipal Health (MSZ2024061)
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2026
Accepted: 24 July 2026
First Online: 29 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD datasets used in this study are de-identified databases. The study team had obtained database access permission (Yadong Wang, ID: 61895447) and strictly complied with the relevant data use agreements. The database analyses did not involve direct patient contact, intervention, or identifiable personal information. The local cohort was a retrospective analysis of clinical data approved by the Ethics Committee of Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics committee waived the requirement to obtain informed consent from local participants and/or their legal guardians.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
