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Authors
Harjana, Ngakan Putu Anom
Oktayani, Pande Putu Ida
Wardhani, Brigitta Dhyah Kunthi
Januraga, Pande Putu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of Indonesia
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Article History
Received: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 20 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia (Protocol Number: 1856/UN14.2.2.VII.14/LT/2025). All respondents provided written informed consent prior to data collection. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2013).
Consent for publication: Not applicable. No individual-level identifiable data, images, or clinical details are included in this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
