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Authors
Hou, Yao
Zhuang, Yan
Hou, Lingxuan
Liao, Guoliang
Xie, Yuhua
Chen, Ke
Zhang, Yong
Sun, Jianjun
Lin, Jiangli
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Article History
Received: 24 January 2026
Accepted: 27 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The INSPIRE and MOVER datasets used in this study were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH; IRB No. H-2210–078-1368), the Institutional Data Review Board (DRB) of SNUH (DRB No. BD-R-2022–11-02), and the Institutional Review Boards of the University of California, Irvine Medical Center and the University of California, Irvine. Access to these datasets is governed by the respective Data Use Agreements established by the hosting institutions. All analyses were conducted using de-identified data and in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines and ethical standards for retrospective research. The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study used de-identified retrospective data and does not contain any individual person’s identifiable information.
Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
