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Article History

Received: 30 October 2023

Accepted: 25 December 2023

First Online: 15 February 2024

Declarations

:

: This study has been ethically approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) review of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (KY-2023-088). Before starting the investigation, participants were informed in detail about the purpose, methods, potential risks and benefits of the study to ensure that participants could fully understand the study. Before deciding to participate in the questionnaire, electronic informed consent was obtained after participants scanned the code of the questionnaire. Electronic informed consent were recognized as valid during the informed consent process and had the same legal effect as the written informed consent. Participations were voluntary and participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time. For the purpose of confidentiality and anonymity, we did not collect names and other identifiable personal information, but rather numbered the questionnaires. All data were uploaded to a password-protected software platform to ensure privacy. All methods were implemented in compliance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.