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Article History

Received: 30 January 2024

Accepted: 6 August 2024

First Online: 27 August 2024

Declarations

:

: Before conducting the study, the authors obtained ethical permission from the Research Ethics Committee for Human Subject Research at the Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt (approved # 2020-52). All participants in this study voluntarily agreed to participate and provided written informed consent after being fully instructed about the study’s objectives, potential hazards, and possible benefits. The study was implemented in compliance with local laws in Egypt, also, the protection of participants’ rights and safety was ensured. All procedures followed the standards and restrictions outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Each participant was assigned an exclusive identification number to ensure their identity. Additionally, confidentiality was assured.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.