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Article History

Received: 29 March 2024

Accepted: 12 November 2024

First Online: 23 January 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (2023 No. 0772). It adhered to all applicable ethical guidelines and regulations, ensuring participants’ rights and welfare. Before data collection, all participating nurses were fully informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits and provided voluntary informed consent. The study strictly protected participants’ privacy and personal information, ensuring data confidentiality and anonymity. The research design and implementation aimed to minimize adverse impacts on participants while ensuring scientific validity and effectiveness. All research activities were conducted under the supervision of the Ethics Committee to ensure compliance with ethical standards. The questionnaire and scale used in this study were developed specifically for this research.

: Consent for the publication of recognizable images or data was obtained from the individuals involved.

: The authors declare no competing interests.