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Article History

Received: 23 August 2024

Accepted: 21 November 2024

First Online: 28 November 2024

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted following the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Measures for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Beings. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of Jitang College, North China University of Science and Technology (JTXY-2022-002). In addition, students were informed about the study’s objectives and associated protocols. Signed informed consent was obtained from all participants, and data anonymization procedures were strictly adhered to.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.