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Article History

Received: 2 July 2024

Accepted: 26 November 2024

First Online: 30 November 2024

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted by obtaining the code of ethics (IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.1402.091) from the ethical committees of the Nursing & Midwifery Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining the approval of ethics committee and the necessary permits from the relevant authorities, the researcher introduced himself to directorates of selected hospitals. A well-trained and experienced research assistant explained study objectives to nurses and told them that their participation was voluntary and refusal to participate would not result in any negative consequences. All participants were assured of the confidentiality of all the information of the research and only the researchers have access to the data. Then informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Finally, the results of the study were provided to the hospitals under study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.