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Article History

Received: 21 October 2024

Accepted: 16 December 2024

First Online: 21 January 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (ethics code: IR.BMSU.REC.1400.096). The research was conducted in full accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Permission to translate and adapt the NSAS into Persian was obtained from the original developer of the scale. All participants provided informed consent after being briefed about the study objectives, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw at any time.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.