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Article History

Received: 31 August 2024

Accepted: 20 December 2024

First Online: 16 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Nursing at Helwan University (Approval No. 42/13-7-2024). The study participants were provided with detailed explanations of the study’s purpose and the questionnaire items. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. They were assured of the privacy of their information, informed that the data would be used exclusively for scientific research purposes, and notified that participation in the study was entirely voluntary and posed no harm. Participants retained the right to decline participation or withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. To ensure anonymity, no identifying information was collected. To safeguard confidentiality and privacy, all data, including participants’ work schedules and demographic details, were anonymized during the data collection and analysis process. Responses were linked using unique identifiers instead of names or any directly identifiable information. The data were securely stored in a password-protected electronic database accessible only to the research team. Aggregated data were used exclusively for reporting purposes to prevent the identification of individual participants. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary. Participants were informed that their decision to participate or withdraw at any stage would not impact their professional standing or relationships with colleagues or supervisors. To mitigate potential coercion, invitations to participate were distributed through neutral communication channels (e.g., email and anonymous surveys) and not through direct supervisors. Both the purpose of the study and the voluntary nature of participation were emphasized in the initial communication and consent form.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.