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Article History

Received: 16 October 2024

Accepted: 7 January 2025

First Online: 3 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Shandong Provincial Third Hospital approved this study [Approval number: SPTH031]. All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations such as the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, patients did not sign informed consent forms, and no additional consent was required for participation in the intervention group.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.