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Article History

Received: 1 October 2024

Accepted: 24 January 2025

First Online: 6 February 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the researcher’s institution (Approval No. 2024ks-1w026). This study strictly adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Before distributing questionnaires to participants, we obtained informed consent from the hospital’s nursing management department. We thoroughly explained the purpose and significance of the study to all participants, ensuring they understood the research content. On this basis, we obtained informed consent from all participants. To protect the privacy of participants, all data were anonymized.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.