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Article History

Received: 17 October 2024

Accepted: 10 March 2025

First Online: 12 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was granted by the Standing Committee for Coordination of Health and Medical Research in Kuwait (Registration Number: 1962/2022), which is part of the Ministry of Health. It is the only body that approves and oversees research conducted in public healthcare institutions in Kuwait, and we confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with their relevant guidelines and regulations. Participating hospitals provided permission for the study to take place, and patients’ and nurses’ identities were kept confidential and coded to ensure anonymity. All medical ward nurses provided voluntary written informed consent after receiving an explanation of the study’s value, benefits and risks, and after their questions were satisfactorily answered.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.