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Article History

Received: 25 October 2024

Accepted: 12 March 2025

First Online: 26 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Faculty of Nursing’s Research Ethics Committee (REC) at Zagazig University in Egypt. It was given ethical clearance with code ZU-7-2024. Ethical integrity was a top priority, ensuring the study adhered to the highest standards of ethical conduct. Prior to data collection, approval was obtained from the institutional review board, and written informed consent was secured from all participants. Participants were fully informed of the study’s objectives, methods, and potential risks, and they were assured of their voluntary participation, with the option to withdraw at any time without repercussions. Confidentiality was rigorously maintained by removing personal identifiers from the dataset, and securely storing the information to prevent unauthorized access. The research was conducted in line with the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, aiming to maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants. Additionally, ethical considerations were regularly reviewed throughout the study to uphold the highest standards of research ethics in nursing practice.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.