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Article History

Received: 21 November 2024

Accepted: 25 March 2025

First Online: 3 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was deemed unnecessary as the study did not involve any human intervention, biological sampling, or identifiable personal information. The Ethics Committee of Guangyuan Central Hospital approved the exemption from ethical review. Informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from all participants. Before completing the questionnaire, participants were provided with detailed information about the study’s purpose, procedures, and data usage. Participation was entirely voluntary, and all data were collected anonymously.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.