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Article History

Received: 26 August 2024

Accepted: 27 March 2025

First Online: 8 May 2025

Declarations

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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees, and in compliance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Primary approval was obtained from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing at Cairo University. All nurses and caregivers of children provided written consent and received verbal explanations about the nature of the study, voluntary participation, study involvement details, anonymity and confidentiality issues, and the right to withdraw from the study at any time without any effect on their child’s care. Informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians for all children under the age of 16. This process adhered to the ethical guidelines outlined and approved by the relevant ethics committee. For ethical reasons, data were collected first from children in the control group and then from those in the study group. Final approval was obtained from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing at Cairo University, FWA00026458.

: We, participants undersigned that, including those under the age of 18, have provided consent for the publication of identifiable details, such as photographs, case results, or other personal or clinical information, related to this research (‘Material’) to be published in the above-mentioned journal. For minors, written consent was obtained from their legal guardians to ensure adherence to ethical research standards. This process guarantees that all published material complies with established ethical guidelines and respects the rights of the participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.