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Article History

Received: 15 February 2025

Accepted: 3 April 2025

First Online: 10 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The Declaration of Helsinki’s highest ethical standards were followed in this study to protect each participant’s rights, privacy, and welfare. Approval was granted by the Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt, with the approval code number (ID/Zu.Nur.REC#:00270). All participants were informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. They were also assured that their participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without repercussions. The confidentiality of personal data was rigorously maintained, and the data were anonymised to prevent any identifiable information from being linked to individual participants. Prior to the collection of data, informed consent was obtained from each participant, ensuring that they were aware of their rights and the objectives of the study. Furthermore, the study adhered to the ethical guidelines and standards for research involving human subjects as set forth by the university’s ethics review board and aligned with international best practices in health research ethics.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.