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Authors
Kim, Young Man
Kang, No Eul
Lee, Min Ro
Ha, Gi Won
Hong, Hye Chong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0501-8456
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2024
Accepted: 7 April 2025
First Online: 12 May 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, and approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Jeonbuk National University Hospital (Approval No. CUH 2023-07-001-003). A written consent form was obtained from each participant voluntarily before data collection. Participants were also assured that their data would be treated confidentially and anonymously, with all personal identifiers removed before data analysis.
: Not applicable.
: This study received the Outstanding Oral Presentation Award ($100) at the 2024 Summer Academic Conference of the Korean Society of Adult Nursing, held on July 5, 2024.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
