Document is current

Article History

Received: 18 March 2024

Accepted: 7 April 2025

First Online: 14 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted based on the principles of the revised Declaration of Helsinki, which is a statement of ethical principles used to guide medical researchers who investigate human subjects. To comply with the ethical and legal standards of scientific research, ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Zambia Biomedical Research Committee (UNZABREC) and the National Commission of Science and Technology (NCST) in Malawi, with the protocol reference numbers 2773–2022 and NCST/RTT/2/6, respectively. The study involved undergraduate nursing students and educators, who were informed about its purpose. The researcher protected confidentiality and anonymity and did not include participant names in questionnaires or reports. The researcher managed the data and information gathered. However, the findings from the analysis were to be shared with national stakeholders, and the researcher submitted the work for publication in scholarly journals. The participants were advised that participation was voluntary, anonymity was assured because their names would not appear in the report, and they were free to withdraw or cancel their involvement at any time, even after signing the consent form. Specifically, the undergraduate students were assured that their refusal or participation would not affect their grades. Furthermore, participants were made aware that they would not be compensated for their participation in the study. All the participants who volunteered to participate in this study provided informed consent. The participants provided special consent for the use of an audio recorder.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.