Funding for this research was provided by:
Nursing Talent Team Project of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (SJTUHLXK2022-NX2022qn-huangying)
Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital—the Program of Nursing Excellence (JYHRC22-J03)
Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 9 May 2025
First Online: 14 May 2025
Declarations
:
: All participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study. The study protocol was approved by the Medical Academy Ethics Board of the Ninth People’s Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine (approval number SHJY20220331).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.