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Authors
Üstündağ, Sema https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5010-1756
Durgu, Nihan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7430-9316
Yazgan, Eda Özge https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-1577
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Accepted: 9 May 2025
First Online: 14 May 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Manisa Celal Bayar University (approval date: November 27, 2024, approval number: 2735). Additionally, permission was obtained from the institutions where the research was conducted. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, and voluntary nature, and it was emphasized that all data would be kept confidential. Informed consent was collected via “Google Forms.” The researcher also obtained permission for the Turkish adaptation and validation of the scale from Dr. Hsiang-Chu Pai, the original developer of the scale, through email communication on August 31, 2024.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
