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Article History

Received: 7 March 2025

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 24 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The research study obtained ethical approval from the Ethical and Research Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Egypt, with the following identification number (No. 975, date 21/6/2023). All procedures were carried out in compliance with the ethical standards set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines. All participants provided oral informed consent after receiving comprehensive details about the study’s objectives, methodologies, and confidentiality measures. Participation was fully voluntary, with individuals having the freedom to withdraw from study at any point without facing any consequences.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.