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Article History

Received: 25 January 2025

Accepted: 20 May 2025

First Online: 3 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Economics and Management at Pingdingshan University (Approval Number: EA2024132). The review confirmed that the study employed anonymized interview data, safeguarded participants from harm, and did not involve experiments on humans or the use of human tissue samples. Additionally, the study did not encroach upon sensitive personal information or commercial interests. It adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Belmont Report. Furthermore, in accordance with relevant legislation, all participants were adults, as the legal working age exceeds the age of majority.

: All authors have approved the manuscript for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All participants provided written informed consent.