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Authors
Zhang, Ying
Pang, Zhijie
Zhang, Na
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (9244036)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72401264, 72471027)
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2024
Accepted: 28 May 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The research design was approved by the biomedical research ethics committee of the School of Medicine in Hebei Engineering University [approval number: 2023[K]030 − 20]. The authors would like to acknowledge and thank all nurses who participated in the study. Consent in written form was acquired from each participant. Every participant was notified of their entitlement to pull out from the investigation whenever they desired. Safeguarding the privacy and secrecy of the information was ensured and confirmed by acquiring informed consent from the subjects for their involvement in the study. All procedures were executed in compliance with the appropriate protocols and rules. And the study conforms with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
