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Authors
Chen, Meihan
Li, Xiaonan
Wang, Aiping
Zhou, Baosen
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Article History
Received: 10 July 2023
Accepted: 10 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: Approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of China Medical University (Approval No. AF-SOP-07-1.1-01; Date: 2022-07-07), following the Declaration of Helsinki and China’s Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research. This study involved an anonymous online questionnaire survey. Prior to starting the questionnaire, all participants read an introduction statement containing information about the research purpose, methods, anonymity, confidentiality, and data use. Participants’ voluntary choice to complete and submit the questionnaire was considered as informed consent. This study did not involve human experiments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
