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Article History

Received: 13 March 2025

Accepted: 10 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to established ethical principles, including obtaining informed consent from all participants, clearly explaining the study’s objectives, securing permission to record interviews, ensuring the confidentiality of all collected data, anonymizing participants by assigning numerical codes, accurately transcribing interview content, and properly citing all sources. All participants provided informed consent for both participation and audio recording. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of the Deputy of Research and Technology at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, under the ethical approval code IR.KUMS.REC.1403.389.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.