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Authors
Li, Yao
Dong, Xue
Wang, Zezhou
Yang, Zhen
Zheng, Xutong
Jiang, Xiujie
Liu, Yan
Wang, Aiping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanistic Nursing Cultivation Programme of the Chinese Association for Life Care (RW2024PY06)
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Article History
Received: 13 April 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring that all participants were treated with respect and that their rights were protected throughout the study. The protocol of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University (Number: [2020]194). All participants participated voluntarily with informed consent. The conduct of the study and the recording of results were in accordance with the recommendations of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). The survey was conducted anonymously to fully protect the privacy of respondents.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
