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Article History

Received: 28 March 2025

Accepted: 23 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was performed in strict adherence to the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the ethical review process at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (No: H202402371). Each participant signed a written informed consent before participating and was granted the option to disengage from the study at any moment during the process. This study was rigorously planned to ensure the protection of participants’ privacy, preserve the confidentiality of the acquired data, and confirm that all information was managed in an anonymous manner. The survey data is applied solely for the purposes of statistical analysis.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.