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Article History

Received: 20 February 2025

Accepted: 24 June 2025

First Online: 10 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval and permission to conduct the study were obtained from the research ethical committees of Koya University, Kurdistan region of Iraq (reference number: KUHS25001). Every technique was carried out in accordance with the rules and standards suggested by the Helsinki Declaration. The current study, which focuses on nurses, is non-sensitive, without collecting personal or sensitive data. All participants provided informed consent prior to filling the questionnaire. Ensured that participation was voluntary and that the data collected were kept anonymous, complying with standard ethical practices for such research. The ethical committee consist of: Prof. Dr. Yasir Al-Jumailil, Ass. Prof. Dr. Rekurd Sarhang, and Dr. Hunar Omer

: Not applicable.

: The current study depended on scales from previous empirical studies to measure the study variables:

: Hochwarter, W.A., andThompson, K.W. (2012). Mirror, mirroronmyboss’swall: engaged enactment’s moderating role on the relationship between perceived narcissistic supervision and work outcomes. Hum. Relate. 65, 335–366. Doi: .

: Einarsen, S. L., & Skogstad, A. (1996). Bullying at Work: Epidemiological Findings in Public and Private Organizations. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 5, 185–201. .

: Singh, J., Verbeke, W. and Rhoads, G.K. (1996), “Do organizational practices matter in role stress processes? a study of direct and moderating effects for marketing oriented boundary spanners”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60 No. 3, pp. 6986.

: Wang, Guangping, and Richard G. Netemeyer. 2004. Salesperson creative performance: Conceptualization, measurement, and nomological validity. Journal of Business Research 57 (8): 805 − 12. 2963(2)00483-6.

: The authors declare no competing interests.