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Authors
Begjani, Jamalodin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-0932
Alizadeh, Pedram
Badv, Reza Shervin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7477-4688
Haghani, Shima
Rajabi, Mohammad Mehdi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-8117
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines set by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Midwifery (Approval Code: IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.1402.021). The participants were informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection, ensuring their voluntary participation. Confidentiality and anonymity were maintained throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
