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Authors
Wang, Lina
Huang, Qian
Zhang, Yiqiu
Liu, Jie
Chen, Chaoran
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Project (RKX202402028)
Soft Science Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province (242400410523)
Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province (25A320036)
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Article History
Received: 19 May 2025
Accepted: 1 July 2025
First Online: 7 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Henan University (Approval No. HUSOM2024-532). The research strictly adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to distributing the questionnaires, informed consent was obtained from the nursing management departments of the participating hospitals. The purpose and significance of the study were fully explained to all participants to ensure their clear understanding. Subsequently, written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All consent forms were approved by the institutional review board.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
