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Article History

Received: 14 September 2024

Accepted: 1 July 2025

First Online: 5 July 2025

Declarations

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: Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the survey. Participation was entirely voluntary, and responses were collected anonymously, without gathering names or phone numbers. All collected data were securely stored and kept strictly confidential, accessible only to the research team. Moreover, given the nature and extent of research risks, the questionnaire format used in this study posed minimal risk, with no potential harm to the participants’ physical or psychological well-being. The research was approved by the Behavioral Medicine and Nursing Research Ethics Committee of Central South University(2019013) and was conducted in strict compliance with the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.